| Term |
Definition |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) |
Macular degeneration resulting from age-related changes in the small blood vessels, nerve cells, pigment epithelium, and other tissues of the macula. |
| Aniridia |
Is the absence of the iris. This usually occurs in both eyes. It can be congenital or caused by a penetrant injury.
|
| Anophthalmia |
Is the congenital absence of one or both eyes. |
| Blindness |
Partial or total lack of the visual sense |
| Cataracts |
Clouding of the eye's lens. |
| Central Vision |
An eye's best vision; use for reading and the discrimination fine detail and color |
| Cone Cells |
One of two types of light-sensitive cells in the retina (Rods are the other type); often simply referred to as cones, they are concentrated in the macula and function in the discrimination of color and fine detail mainly in the central field of view under lighted conditions. |
| Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) |
Occular effect(s) of diabetes mellitus, characterized by edema, bleeding, and neovascularization of the retina, with progressive loss of vision if left untreated; laser therapy is currently used in treatment |
| Keratitis |
Is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the front part of the eye, becomes inflamed. |
| Macula |
The small yellowish area of the retina where cone cells are most densely packed |
| Macular Degeneration (MD) |
General term for conditions in which the macular tissue breaks down, resulting in a loss of central vision; the visual loss is generally irreversible |
| Microphthalmia |
Is a congenital deformation resulting in abnormally small eyes. |
| Night Blindness |
A condition in which a person has impaired vision in dim or darkened conditions. |
Optic Disk
|
Ocular end of the optic nerve. Denote the exit of retinal nerve fibers from the eye and entrance of the blood vessels to the eye.
|
| Optic Nerve |
Largest sensory nerve of the eye; carries impulses for sight from the retina to the brain. |
| Peters Anomaly |
A rare congenital disorder in which the cornea may be scarred, and cataracts and glaucoma may be present at birth. |
| Peripheral Vision |
Side vision; Vision elicited by stimuli falling on retinal areas distant from the macula |
| Retina |
Transparent, light-sensitive structure lining the inside of the eye
|
| Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) |
Inherited retinal dystrophy in which deposits of melanin pigment appear on the retina, accompanied by atrophy of retinal blood vessels and pallor of the optic disk, eventually leading to loss of vision |
Rod Cells
|
One of two types of light-sensitive cells in the retina; often simply referred to as rods, they function primarily in peripheral and night vision
|
Stem Cells
|
One of the human bodies master cells with the ability to grow into anyone of the bodies more than 200 cell types.
|
Tunnel Vision
|
A condition in which a person lacks any peripheral vision
|
